Divide marks obtained by total marks and multiply by 100. 430 out of 500 = 430 ÷ 500 × 100 = 86%.

By the CBSE method, percentage = CGPA × 9.5, so 8.6 CGPA ≈ 81.7%. Many universities use a different formula, so check yours.

(new − old) ÷ old × 100. A salary rising from ₹40,000 to ₹46,000 is a 15% hike.

The second discount applies to the already reduced price. ₹100 less 50% is ₹50, less 20% is ₹40, so 60% off in total, not 70%.